Authors may withdraw a manuscript without penalty prior to the initiation of peer review by submitting a formal written request. Once under review, withdrawal requests must be accompanied by a valid justification and will be evaluated by the editorial team.

Published articles may be retracted under the following conditions:
1. Verified research misconduct (e.g., data fabrication, falsification, or ethical breaches)
2. Duplicate publication or redundant submission
3. Honest errors (e.g., miscalculation, flawed methodology, or misinterpretation of data)
4. Legal or copyright infringements

Retractions will be transparently labeled and permanently accessible in the public domain, with an accompanying explanation. In cases where minor corrections are needed without compromising the study's integrity, errata or corrigenda may be issued to amend the publication.